Atomic post!!

In the atomic world, there consists of Atoms, little particles that make up moat everything in our modern life. These particles have a nucleus, which is the densest part of the atom. That nucleous is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charder particles, called electrons. In the nucleous, there consists of posotively charged protons, and just neutrally charged neutrons (except in Hydrogen, which only has 1 proton in the nucleous). You might be wondering how come the protons and neutrons dont just fly out of the nucleous. Well, thats because they are bound to it by an electromagnetic force. Meaning, that many atoms can bound together to form a molecule. Then we get to things called Isotopes, which are where there is an uneven number of neutrons and protons in the nucleous. So, lets say that we have a Carbon atom, which has an atomic number of 6. meaning it has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Then, lets take away about 4 neutrons, leaving it with 6 protons and 2 neutrons. Thus, creating the isotope ⁸C. Which would be an isotope of Carbon. The neutron always decides what isotope it will be. Ok, so thats an isotope and an atom, but what charge do you think an atom has? Well, if the number of electrons and protons are the same, then there would be a neutral charge. If there are more electrons than protons, then there would be a negative charge (electron excess). If there are more protons than electrons, it would have a posotive charge (electron deficiency).

The modern day scientific theory had alot of "evolving" to do in order to get to where it is. http://atomictimeline.net/index.php <-- there is a link to a timeline created by Lee Buescher in the Science Dept. of Watertown High School. It stems from Isaac Newton who first proposed that the universe was made out of small solid masses in motion. To Enrico Fermi conducting the first controlled chain reaction experiment releasing energy from an atoms nucleous. But, sadly enough, that leaves you somehwere around the 1950's.
The major points in this particular timeline was that in about 1924, Louis de Broglie theorized that all particles behave like waves do. That theory got thrown out around 1926, when Erwin Schrodinger used Louis' idea to develop a mathematical model of the atom. That model described electrons more as 3-demensional waveforms than point particles. That led to the creation of the uncertainty priniciple, which pretty much says that it is mathematically impossible to obtain precise values for both the position and momentum of a particle at the same time. This model of the atom could be used to explain some atomic behavior that others could not, such as structural and spectral patterns of large atoms. That concludes the atomic theory, have a nice day! =)